PCOD

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a hormonal condition. This means
primary multiple cysts in the ovaries.In women who have it, it can affect the ability to
have a child (fertility). It can also:
• Make periods stop or become hard to predict
• Cause acne and unwanted hair
• Raise chances for other health problems,
including diabetes and high blood pressure There are treatments for the symptoms, and
if you want to get pregnant, that’s still possible, though it may require different treatments.
Many women who have PCOS don’t have cysts on their ovaries, so “polycystic” can be
misleading. You might have cysts, and you might not.

With PCOS, the reproductive hormones are out of balance. This can lead to problems with ovaries,
such as not having period on time, or missing it entirely.
Hormones are substances your body makes to help different processes happen. Some are related
to your ability to have a baby, and also affect the menstrual cycle. Those that are involved in PCOS
include.

• Androgens: Often called “male” hormones, women have them, too. Those with PCOS tend
to have higher levels, which can cause symptoms like hair loss, hair in unwanted places
(such as on face), and trouble getting pregnant.

• Insulin: This hormone manages blood sugar. If one has PCOS, the body might not react to
insulin the way that it should.

• Progesterone: With PCOS, the body may not have enough of this hormone. That can make
you to miss your periods for a long time, or to have periods that are hard to predict.
Causes PCOS is a poorly understood syndrome where
the causes are not clearly known. You might be more likely to have PCOS if your
sister or mother also has it. It could also be related to problems that make their body produce too
much insulin, which can affect the ova

If you have things such as oily skin, missed periods, or trouble losing weight, you may think those issues are just a normal part of your life. But those frustrations could actually
be signs that you have polycystic ovary (or ovarian) syndrome, also known as PCOS. The condition has many symptoms, and you may not have all of them. It’s pretty common
for it to take women a while — even

You might be most bothered by some of the PCOS symptoms that other people can notice. These include:

• Hair growth in unwanted areas. This is medically called as “hirsutism. You might have unwanted hair growing in places such
as on your face or chin, breasts, stomach, or thumbs and toes.

• Hair loss. Women with PCOS might see thinning hair on their head, which could worsen in middle age.
• Weight problems. About half of women with PCOS struggle with weight gain or have a hard time losing weight.
• Acne or oily skin. Because of hormone changes related to PCOS, you might develop pimples and oily skin. (You can have these skin problems without PCOS, of course).
• Problems sleeping, feeling tired all the time.

You could have trouble falling asleep. Or you might have a disorder known as sleep apnea. This means that even when you do sleep, you do not feel well-rested
after you wake up.
• Headaches. This is because of hormone changes with PCOS.
• Infertility-Trouble getting pregnant. PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility.
• Period problems. You could have irregular periods. Or you might not have a period for several months. Or you might have very heavy bleeding during your period.

If you have some, or several, of these symptoms, let your doctor know. There are
treatments or things you may be able to do to ease these problems and find out if you have
PCOS. The sooner you get started, the sooner you can start feeling better

There’s no single test that, by itself, shows whether you have polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS. Your doctor will ask you about your
symptoms and give you a physical exam and blood tests to help find out if you have this condition. PCOS is a common hormone disorder that
can cause problems with your period, fertility, weight, and skin. It can also put you at risk for other conditions, such as type 2 diabetes.
If you have it, the sooner you find out, the sooner you can start treatment.

Your doctor will want to know about all the signs and symptoms you’ve noticed. This is an
important step to help figure out whether you have PCOS, and to rule out other conditions
that cause similar symptoms. You’ll need to answer questions about your
family’s medical history, including whether your mother or sister has PCOS or problems getting
pregnant. This information is helpful — PCOS tends to run in families. Be ready to discuss any period problems
you’ve had, weight changes, and other concerns. Your doctor may diagnose PCOS if you have at least two of these symptoms:
• Irregular periods
• Higher levels of androgen (male hormones) shown in blood tests or through symptoms like acne, male-pattern balding, or extra hair
growth on your face, chin, or body
• Cysts in your ovaries as shown in an ultrasound examination.

Your doctor may check your blood pressure, BMI (body mass index), and waist size. She may also look at your skin to check for extra hair growth, acne, and discolored skin, which can
all happen if you have PCOS. Pelvic exam: This is just like what happens when you get a regular checkup. Your doctor will look at and feel areas of your body
including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and rectum, checking for anything unusual. Pelvic ultrasound (sonogram): This produces
an image of what your ovaries look like. For the ultrasound, you lie down and the doctor briefly places an ultrasound device in your vagina. The doctor will check for cysts in your
ovaries and how thick the lining is in your uterus. That lining may be thicker than normal if your periods aren’t happening when they’re supposed to.
Your ovaries may be 1½ to 3 times larger than normal when you have PCOS. The ultrasound can show ovary changes in about 90% of women who have PCOS.

Treatments can help you manage the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and lower your
odds for long-term health problems such as diabetes and heart disease.

One of the best ways to deal with PCOS is to eat well and exercise regularly. Many women with PCOS are
overweight or obese. Losing just 5% to 10% of your body weight may ease some symptoms and help make
your periods more regular. It may also help manage problems with blood sugar levels and ovulation.
Since PCOS could lead to high blood sugar, your doctor may want you to limit starchy or sugary foods. Instead, eat
foods and meals that have plenty of fiber, which raise your blood sugar level slowly. Staying active helps you
control your blood sugar and insulin, too. And exercising every day will help you with your weight

Birth control is the most common PCOS treatment for women who don’t want to get
pregnant. Hormonal birth control — pills, a skin patch, vaginal ring, shots, or a hormonal IUD
(intrauterine device) — can help restore regular periods. The hormones also treat acne and
unwanted hair growth. These birth control methods may also lower
your chance of having endometrial cancer, in the inner lining of the uterus.
Taking just a hormone called progestin could help get your periods back on track. It doesn’t
prevent pregnancies or treat unwanted hair growth and acne. But it can lower the chance of
uterine cancer. Metformin lowers insulin levels. It can help with
weight loss and may prevent you from getting type 2 diabetes. It may also make you more fertile.
If birth control doesn’t stop hair growth after 6 months, your doctor may prescribe spironolactone
(Aldactone). It lowers the level of a type of sex hormone called androgens. But you shouldn’t
take it if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant, because it can cause birth defects.

If you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), your ovaries may contain many tiny
cysts that cause your body to produce too many hormones called androgens.
In men, androgens are made in the testes. They’re involved in the development of male
sex organs and other male characteristics, like body hair. In women, androgens are made in
the ovaries, but are later turned into estrogens. These are hormones that play an important
role in the reproductive system, as well as the health of your heart, arteries, skin, hair, brain,
and other body parts and systems. If you have PCOS and your androgen levels
are too high, you have higher odds for a number of possible complications. (These may
differ from woman to woman)

Cysts in the ovaries can interfere with ovulation. That’s when one of your ovaries releases an egg each month. If a healthy egg
isn’t available to be fertilized by a sperm, you can’t get pregnant. You may still be able to get
pregnant if you have PCOS. But you might have to take medicine and work with a fertility specialist to make it happen.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women, affecting an estimated five to ten million women of reproductive age.

For women trying to conceive a child, PCOS is a serious, common cause of infertility – nearly half of all female factor infertility cases can be traced to PCOS.

New medical insight into the disease has led to treatment options, including insulin-reducing ovulation medication (clomiphene, Glucophage, Metformin), dietary changes (low glycemic diet) and surgery (ovarian drilling), which have proven successful and allow many women to overcome PCOS and conceive a child naturally, while reducing the risk of miscarriage.

Women who undergo treatment for PCOS but are still unable to conceive naturally often turn to assisted reproductive technologies, including IVF, and experience high pregnancy success rates.

PolyCystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) जिसे PolyCystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) की कहा जाता है, एक महिलाओ में पाया जाने वाला सामान्य विकार है। अनुमान किया जाता है की प्रजनन की उम्र वाली 90 लाख से ज्यादा महिलाओ को PCOD है तथा इनमे से 60 % से ज्यादा महिलाओ को पता नहीं है की उन्हें यह विकार है। कुछ सालो पहले यह समस्या 30 से 35 साल के ऊपर की महिलाओ में ही आम होती थी परन्तु अब कम उम्र की लड़कियों में भी यह ज्यादा प्रमाण में दिखाई दे रही है। PCOD संबंधी अधिक जानकारी निचे दी गयी है :